exercise 1

1.WHAT IS SYSTEM?

A system can be very simple, for example, with only one user of a payroll application based on a personal computer. Or, a system can be much more complex and sophisticated, with large numbers of users inside and outside the entity accessing many applications by the use of many computers, for example, a large banking system.

A Computer is a system of hardware which can accept data (observation, facts & concepts) in prescribed form (i.e. in a specified sequence) and which can process the data according to set of instruction that are fed into it & supply the results of the processing in a specified format.


As information, which in turn assists computer user in decision-making, or as signals to control automatically further machine or process. Or store the result in a primary /secondary storage for safekeeping or later reuse.
In simplest terms a computer is an electronic machine for accepting & processing of data & help in retrieving information when needed.

2. SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND CONCEPTS


After the ontology inclusion and extension of the previous paragraphs, now a more complex projection will be presented, i.e. the projection of the abstract systems theory ontology to the component ontology. The component ontology defines the structural view on physical systems engineers have as depicted in Figure , i.e. components that can have subcomponents and terminals. The terminals are the interfaces of the components to the outer world. Therefore, connections hook onto terminals instead of components. This interpretation of components and connections is a bit more complex than the networks of abstract individuals and connections in systems theory. Nevertheless, the definition of these concepts can be kept simple due to a projection of the abstract systems theory on the definitions of engineering components and connections, thus enforcing the components to comply to the rules of systems theory. The paragraph below describes the way this projection takes place. Because this projection makes abstract concepts more specific, this type of projection is called include and specialize.

Systems include these five basic components:

1. Infrastructure—The physical and hardware system components, for example, mainframes, servers, and related components and facilities. 2. Software—The programs and operating software of a system, including operating systems, utilities, and applications (financial systems).3. People—The personnel involved in any aspect of operation or use of a system, for example, programmers, operators, users of the system, and management.4. Procedures—The programmed and manual guidelines, instructions, and steps involved in operating systems, including information technology (IT) procedures for backup and maintenance.5. Data—The information captured, used, and supported by a system, including files and databases, for example.

2.CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEM ?


The ACM Computing Classification System is a subject classification system for computer science devised by the Association for Computing Machinery. The system is comparable to the Mathematics Subject Classification in scope, aims and structure, being used by the various ACM journals to organise subjects by area.The ACM Computing Classification System is hierarchically structured in four levels: three outer levels, coded by capital letters and numbers, and an uncoded fourth level of subject descriptors. Thus, for example, one branch of the hierarchy contains